Modern medicine explains the functions of the gallbladder mentioned in Donguibogam through various complex neurological and biochemical mechanisms. Chronic anxiety does not arise simply because one has a weak mind, but is a phenomenon where imbalances in specific brain regions, neurotransmitters, and hormone systems are intricately intertwined.
First, we must mention the amygdala in the brain. The amygdala is a key region that detects threats and triggers fear and panic responses. In those experiencing chronic anxiety, the activity level of this amygdala becomes abnormally high, leading to excessive reactions even to minor stimuli. Being startled by small noises or agonizing over trivial matters while imagining worst-case scenarios is deeply related to this hyperactivation of the amygdala. Alongside this, when the function of the prefrontal cortex, which handles rational judgment and emotional regulation, declines, one cannot break the loop of anxious thoughts and sinks continuously into worry.
Furthermore, an imbalance in neurotransmitters is an important cause. Anxiety can worsen when the secretion of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, known as the happiness hormone, or GABA, which provides a calming effect, is insufficient, or conversely, when substances like norepinephrine, which amplifies the stress response, are excessively secreted. Just as Donguibogam stated that the gallbladder governs courage and decisiveness, these neurotransmitters can be seen as playing the role of counterweights for our mind.
Chronic stress excessively stimulates another vital axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. When this axis remains continuously active, the stress hormone cortisol is ceaselessly secreted. High cortisol levels damage the hippocampus of the brain, responsible for memory and emotional regulation, causing memory decline or depressive feelings, and sensitize the amygdala further, creating a vicious cycle that worsens anxiety symptoms. Feelings of being constantly chased and anxiety accompanied by palpitations can be the very results of such hormonal imbalance.
Recently, research on the gut-brain axis has also been active. The gut microbiota produces various neurotransmitters and directly affects our mood and behavior. It is being revealed that poor gut health can negatively impact brain function, inducing or worsening anxiety symptoms. This aligns closely with the Donguibogam perspective that the five viscera and six bowels are closely connected to one another. A chronic inflammatory response can also impair brain function, becoming a factor that deepens anxiety and depressive feelings. In this way, chronic anxiety must be understood not as a simple psychological issue, but as a systemic balance issue encompassing the brain, nerves, hormones, and even gut health. Even if it feels complex, listening to the signals your body sends is the most important step.
