The sudden turmoil disorder described in the Donguibogam closely matches acute gastroenteritis in modern medicine, particularly viral enteritis circulating in winter. Microscopic invaders such as norovirus and rotavirus enter the body mainly through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person. When these viruses attack intestinal mucosal cells, the body launches an extensive immune response to contain them.
Viral infection impairs intestinal mucosal cell function, hindering the absorption of nutrients and water, while triggering an excessive secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. This results in persistent, watery diarrhea. As viral toxins irritate the stomach, vomiting frequently follows. Chills and fever are natural defense mechanisms in which the immune system raises body temperature to suppress viral replication.
Dehydration is the most critical concern. With continuous watery diarrhea and vomiting, water and vital electrolytes such as sodium and potassium drain rapidly, placing significant stress on homeostasis. As dehydration worsens, it leads to lethargy and dizziness, and in severe cases, shock. Dehydration can develop more rapidly and carry higher risks in young children and frail elderly individuals. Modern medicine explains that acute gastroenteritis arises from an interplay of an active immune response, intestinal mucosa damage from viral infection, and the resulting fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Intestinal mucosa damage also alters the gut microbiome, which can prolong recovery. A healthy gut microbiome helps preserve the intestinal barrier and regulate the immune response; when disrupted by infection, the healing process becomes more complex. The loss of internal balance described in the Donguibogam aligns with modern observations of intestinal mucosa damage, immune response, and gut microbiome dysbiosis.
