From the perspective of modern science, the stagnant qi and moving phlegm described in Donguibogam align with the effects that specific components in beans have on the gut. Legumes contain substantial amounts of FODMAPs, an acronym for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. These carbohydrates are poorly absorbed in the small intestine, pass into the large intestine, and are rapidly fermented by the gut microbiota. During this fermentation process, large volumes of gas such as hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide are produced, becoming the primary cause of abdominal distension, gas, bloating, and in severe cases, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
About 100 trillion microorganisms live inside the gut, and this gut microbiota ecosystem varies from person to person. Some individuals may lack alpha-galactosidase, the digestive enzyme that breaks down oligosaccharides, particularly galactooligosaccharides, or they may host more of the specific gut microbiota that actively ferment beans. In these cases, consuming beans easily leads to excessive gas production and digestive discomfort. Just as the growth of a garden depends on which plants are present, the ability to digest beans differs widely according to the composition and function of the gut microbiota.
Furthermore, the gut and the brain are closely connected through the neural network known as the gut-brain axis. When the gut is uncomfortable, the brain experiences stress, which can trigger a cycle that further heightens gut sensitivity. Abdominal distension and discomfort caused by beans can therefore lead to emotional strain as well. Legumes also contain antinutrients such as phytic acid and lectin. These can hinder the absorption of certain minerals or affect the intestinal mucosa, presenting an additional burden for those with sensitive digestion. However, these antinutrients can be substantially reduced by soaking beans in water and boiling them thoroughly. Rather than avoiding beans entirely, it is helpful to understand your body's condition alongside the characteristics of beans to consume them wisely.
